What is ARA 290 and how does it work?

ARA 290 is an 11-amino acid peptide designed and based on a portion of the hormone erythropoietin, which stimulates red blood cell production. However, ARA 290 does not stimulate red blood cell production, but rather it stimulates tissue repair and protection [R].

Clinical trials found that ARA 290 improves metabolic control and neuropathic symptoms in type 2 diabetics and sarcoidosis patients [R].

Benefits and uses of ARA 290

• Promotes healthy blood sugar control
• Protects neurons from oxidative stress
• Protects heart tissues
• Promotes a balanced inflammatory response
• Normalizes excess nociceptor (pain neuron) signaling in neuropathic pain

Side effects

No side effects of ARA 290 have been reported in clinical trials.

Stacks well with:

Other anti-inflammatory and neuroregenerative peptides

Ways to take:

Subcutaneous injection

What is BPC-157 and how does it work?

BPC-157 is a peptide with numerous uses. It is a 15-amino acid peptide derived from body protection compound (BPC) found in human stomach digestive juices. Studies show it accelerates healing of many tissues, including those that typically heal slowly, such as tendons and ligaments.

BPC-157 seems to also balance systemic inflammation, increase blood flow to damaged tissues, and relieve pain.

Benefits and uses of BPC-157

• Accelerates wound, skin, and tissue healing, including deep burns, ligaments, bones, and tendons
• Protects and heals gut lining
• Promotes many types of cellular repair
• Protects cells and improves cell survival with oxidative stress
• Improves blood flow to injured areas
• Relieves pain from injuries
• Protects neurons and supports healing of brain injuries
• Regulates brain serotonin and dopamine functions, possibly helping with mood
• Improves blood vessel formation
• May help with stress urinary incontinence
• Supports a healthy gut-brain axis
• Supports muscle building in response to resistance training

Side effects

• Temporary pain/redness/bruises/burning sensation at injection site
• Temporary fatigue and lethargy right after injection, so some people may use it at bedtime
• Rare and temporary side effects include nausea, dizziness, appetite changes, hot or cold flashes, and headache

Ways to take:

Oral, subcutaneous, Intra-articular

BPC-157 is a systemic peptide, so any route and location of administration will benefit the entire body. However, it may be best to administer near the location that needs the healing. So, taking it orally is better for gut healing purposes.

GHRH/MOD GRF(1-29) with DAC

What is CJC-1295 and how does it work?

Growth hormone is a natural peptide hormone from your pituitary gland. In young children, it stimulates growth. In adults, it supports muscle mass, fat metabolism, bone health, and heart health. It typically increases during deep sleep in the middle of the night. Also, its levels decline with age, contributing to age-related body fat gain, loss of lean mass, and slowed metabolism.

Growth hormone also stimulates IGF-1, which manages the effects of growth hormones. Both hormones work together on tissue and bone growth. IGF-1 weakly binds to insulin receptors and may enhance insulin action. In adults, IGF-1 also protects the blood vessels and neurons, making it important for cardiovascular, and cognitive and mental health.

CJC-1295 is the synthetic analog of the first 29 amino acids of growth-hormone releasing hormone (GHRH) or growth hormone secretagogue. In a clinical study, CJC-1295 increased growth hormones (GH) by 2- to 10-fold and insulin growth factor-1 (IGF-1) by 0.5- to 3-fold over the course of 9 to 11 days.

Benefits and uses of BPC-157Promotes muscle growth and fat loss

• Slows down aging
• Improves sleep
• Stays in the system for more than a week
• Temporarily increases GHRH

Stacks well with:

Other growth hormone secretagogue peptides, with synergistic actions.

Ways to take:

Subcutaneous

What is ipamorelin and how does it work?

Growth hormone is a natural peptide hormone from your pituitary gland. In young children, it stimulates growth. In adults, it supports muscle mass, fat metabolism, bone health, and heart health. It typically increases during deep sleep in the middle of the night. Also, its levels decline with age, contributing to age-related body fat gain, loss of lean mass, and slowed metabolism.

Growth hormone also stimulates IGF-1, which manages the effects of growth hormones. Both hormones work together on tissue and bone growth. IGF-1 weakly binds to insulin receptors and may enhance insulin action. In adults, IGF-1 also protects the blood vessels and neurons, making it important for cardiovascular, and cognitive and mental health.

Ipamorelin is a 5-amino acid peptide that stimulates the pituitary to secrete GH, boost IGF-1, and inhibit somatostatin. Therefore, it supports growth and repair of muscles.

It is the mildest and most popular GHRP because it can increase GH without desensitization or any increase in cortisol and prolactin even at large doses. It also doesn’t increase hunger. Therefore, it’s the most popular GH secretagogue.

Benefits and uses

• Increases growth hormone and IGF-1
• Suppresses somatostatin without increasing hunger
• Increases bone growth
• Supports muscle growth and repair
• Supports gut recovery after bowel resection
• Supports fat loss and body composition in combination with the right training and nutrition

Side effects

Side effects can include redness and itchiness of the injection sites and hand and feet swelling.

Stacks well with:

Other GHRH and GH secretagogues

Ways to take:

Subcutaneous

What is kisspeptin and how does it work?

Kisspeptin is a neuropeptide hormone from the hypothalamus that stimulates the release of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) from hypothalamic neurons through a receptor called GPR54. It helps normalize steroid hormone feedback and responses to nutrients.

Naturally-occuring kisspeptin helps stimulate sexual arousal and romance in men. It may also boost fertility outcomes and psychosexual mental health issues related to conception efforts. Kisspeptin is being researched as a potential alternative to hCG in fertility treatments.

In animal models of polycystic ovarian syndrome, kisspeptin and GnRH levels are abnormal.

Benefits and uses

• Helps with infertility and hormones
• Stimulates the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis via the GPR54 receptors
• Stimulates hypothalamic GnRH release to increase LH and FSH, in turn boosting estrogen, progesterone, and testosterone
• Increases both basal- and hCG-stimulated progesterone secretion from luteal phase uterine cells
• Increases liver antioxidants
• Boosts insulin secretion
• Temporarily increases oxytocin

Side effects

No side effects have been reported in clinical studies.

Stacks well with:

Other sexual health peptides, such as PT-141

Ways to take:

Subcutaneous

What is KPV and how does it work?

KPV is a 3-amino acid peptide, lysine-proline-valine, which is a segment of melanocyte-stimulating hormone (MSH). MSH has circadian rhythm functions and anti-inflammatory properties.

KPV can enter the cells and nucleus, where your DNA is. There, it can inhibit NF-kB, your cell’s main controller of inflammatory pathways.

Benefits and uses

• Inhibits NF-kB and inflammatory MAPK signaling
• Reduces inflammatory cytokines
• Promotes a balanced inflammatory response, especially in the gut
• Promotes wound healing
• May have antimicrobial activities
• Improves skin health and regeneration

Side effects

No side effects of KPV have been reported.

Stacks well with:

Other Healing And Anti-Inflammatory Peptides, Such As BPC-157 And GHK-Cu

Ways to take:

• Subcutaneous
• Oral
• Transdermal

What is MOTS-c and how does it work?

MOTS-c is a 16-amino acid mitochondrial peptide produced mainly in muscles. It’s also detectable in other tissues and in the blood.

Exercise generally boosts MOTS-c levels, so MOTS-c administration replicates many of the benefits of exercise.

Benefits and uses

• Protects the cells
• Maintains mitochondrial function and cellular viability under stressful conditions
• Regulates metabolic homeostasis
• May mitigate diet-induced insulin resistance and obesity
• Inhibits purine biosynthesis
• Activates 5’adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK), increasing fat oxidation
• Increases transport of fatty acids into the mitochondria to burn for energy
• Increases fat burning and reduces production of new fat molecules
• Improves glucose uptake by bringing glucose transporter 4 (Glut4) in muscles
• Activates peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma coactivator (PGC-1alpha), which increases the generation of new and healthy mitochondria.
• PGC-1alpha then activates nuclear respiratory factors (Nrf1 and Nrf2), which turns on many antioxidant genes.
• Increases calorie burn as heat production by increasing brown fat and mitochondrial uncoupling using uncoupling protein 1 (UCP-1)
• Preserves mitochondrial function and bone mass in a mouse menopause model, with biochemical effects similar to exercise
• Improves athletic performance
• Supports weight loss effort in combination with diet and exercise
• May improve strength and muscle gain by modulating myostatin
• Protects against memory impairment from amyloid beta and lipopolysaccharides (inflammatory bacterial toxins from leaky gut) in a mouse model with intranasal delivery
• May boost longevity

Side effects

No side effects have been reported in clinical trials.

Stacks well with:

Can be cycled with other mitochondrial peptide

Ways to take:

Subcutaneous and intranasal

What is PE-22-28 and how does it work?

PE-22-28 is a 7-amino acid derivative of Spadin, which blocks the TREK-1 channel in the brain. Chronic, unpredictable mild stress increases TREK-1 in the hippocampus, a region that controls mood, memory, and learning. The TREK-1 increase may allow for stress-induced cognitive impairment and low mood, so blocking it seems to preserve cognitive performance and mood during stress. Mice studies showed that PE-22-28 reduced immobility time and delay to eating food. It also boosts neuronal growth and connections, and protects neurons from excitotoxicity.

Benefits and uses

• Improves mood and motivation
• Induces neurogenesis and synaptogenesis
• Improves firing rates of serotonin neurons
• Protects neurons from excess glutamate
• Improves the brain’s stress resilience
• Preserves cognitive performance amidst stress

Side effects

PE-22-28 is well-tolerated, and so far no side effects have been reported.

Stacks well with:

Other neuroregenerative peptides

Ways to take:

Oral and subcutaneous

What is pinealon and how does it work?

Pinealon is a 3-amino acid peptide that can reverse brain aging and protect brain tissues against hypoxia and cellular suicide (apoptosis). Due to its small size, it can cross the blood-brain barrier. Once it enters the cells, it can directly interact with DNA and change genetic readouts.

Benefits and uses

• Helps with memory and attention
• Protects neurons against damages and oxidative stress, including from lack of oxygen or blood flow
• Promotes neurogenesis
• Geroprotective and anabolic
• Increases cellular resistance to oxidative damage and counteracts oxidative stress
• May protect the brain from high homocysteine, a neurotoxic amino acid
• Protects muscle cells from damage during exercise
• Stimulates weight loss
• May increase serotonin levels
• Promotes healthy circadian rhythm and improves sleep
• Improves red blood cell membrane health and reduces lipid peroxidation
• Boosts mood and brain function

Side effects

No side effects have been reported in clinical trials.

Stacks well with:

other anti-aging and melanocortin peptides

Ways to take:

subcutaneous and oral

What is thymosin beta-4 and how does it work?

Thymosin beta-4 is a 43-amino acid derivative of thymosin, a hormone from the thymus that stimulates T cell production. However, TB-500 is naturally found in most cells. Naturally, the gene that produces this peptide tends to be the first to become dysregulated after injuries.

It can control how actin forms strands that provide structures to the cells. In animal studies, it promoted the formation of new blood vessels, wound repair, and hair growth.

Benefits and uses

• Promotes wound and tissue healing
• Increases blood vessel formation
• Promotes hair growth, especially in conjunction with PRP
• Promotes Th1/Th2 balance

Side effects

Side effects include temporary fatigue and lethargy. Although there is no evidence that this peptide causes cancer, there are concerns that it can contribute to carcinogenesis.

Stacks well with:

Other immune and healing peptides, such as thymosin alpha 1 and BPC-157

Ways to take:

Subcutaneous

What is Selank (TP-7) and how does it work?

Selank is a 7-amino acid peptide created by joining Tuftsin with another three amino acids to make it more stable. As a synthetic analog of Tuftsin, a 4-amino acid that is part of immunoglobulin G, it has some immune-stimulating effects.

Benefits and uses

• Anti-ulcer and promotes a strong gut mucosal barrier
• Promotes healthy relaxation response by increasing the effects of GABA
• Increases BDNF in the hippocampus, possibly boosting mood and cognitive function
• Improves sleep vs. wakefulness balance
• Helps regulate inflammation, especially through IL-6 and helper T cells
• Regulates monoamine neurotransmitters
• Regulates BCL-6, which controls T cell-mediated immune responses
• Supports antiviral immune function
• Helps with insulin resistance and metabolism

Side effects

Excess doses can lead to desensitization.

Stacks well with:

• Can be alternate with Semax.
• Other immune peptides such as TB-500 and thymosin alpha 1.

Ways to take:

Subcutaneous and intranasal

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What is Sermorelin and how does it work?

Sermorelin is a “growth hormone-releasing hormone” (GHRH) that is produced naturally by the human brain to stimulate production and release of growth hormone by the pituitary gland. The increased volume of human growth hormone (hGH) causes an increase in the production of Insulin-Like Growth Factor-1 by the liver. During aging, GHRH declines causing a decrease in the secretion of pituitary hGH which leads to growth insufficiency which can erode health & vitality. Benefits may include:. 

Benefits and uses

• Increase of lean body mass 
• Reduction of body fat through lipolysis
• Increase of strength and endurance
• Accelerated healing from wounds or surgery
• Improvement of sleep quality

Side effects

No side effects of Sermorelin have been reported.

Stacks well with:

 BPC-157 And GHK-Cu

Ways to take:

• Subcutaneous
• Oral
• Intranasal